active and passive

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

 

	Active	Pasive
Simple Present	S + V (S/es) + O	S + to be + V3 + BY + O (she, he, it = is) (I = am) (they, we, you = are)
Simple Past	S + V2 + O	S + to be + V3 + BY + O (she, he, it, I = was) (they, we, you = were)
Simple Future	S + will + v1 + O	S + will + be + v3 + by + o
Present Continous	S + tobe + ving + o	S + to be + being + v3 + by + o
Past Continous	S + tobe (was / were) + ving + o	S + to be (was / were) + being  + v3 + by + o
Future Continous	S + will + be + ving + o	There are some tenses and conditions that don’t have pasive form present continous, past perfect continous, future continous, future perfect continous, and sentences that have intransitive verbs
Present Perfect	S + has / have + v3 + o	S + has / have + been + v3 + by + o (she, he, it = has) (they, we, I, you = have)
Past Perfect	S + had + v3 + o	S + had + been + v3 + by + o
Future perfect	S + will + have + v3 + o	S + will + have + been + v3 + by + o

 Mengubah kalimat active ke kalimat passive

1.  Active = once a month, conte brings the team to the beach.

Pasive = once a month, the team is brought to the beach by conte.

(SIMPLE PRESENT)

1.       2.  Active = Ali is writing a letter right now.

Pasive = the letter is being written by Ali now.

(PRESENT CONTINOUS)

1.       3.  Active = Gio repaired the computer which is located in the living room

Pasive = the computer which is located in the living room was repaired by Gio.

(SIMPLE PAST)

1.       4.  Active = The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.

Pasive =  The Customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.

(PAST CONTINOUS)

1.       5. Active = Many basketball players have trained that kind of dribble style.

Pasive = that kind of dribble style have been trained by many basketball players.

(PRESENT PERFECT)

1.       6.  Active = Otong and vicky had repaired many cars before they received their mechanic license.

Pasive = many cars had been repaired by otong and vicky before they received their mechanic,

(PAST PERFECT)

1.       7.  Active = Chef ferara will finish the dish by 05.00 PM

Pasive = the dish will be finished by chef Ferara by 05.00 PM.

(SIMPLE FUTURE)

1.     8. Active = Burgerkill will be performing a song entitled “tiga titik hitam” on the stage at 08.00 PM.

Pasive = a song entitled will be performed by Burgerkill on the stage at 08.00 PM.

(FUTURE CONTINOUS)

1.       9.  Active = They will have completed the project before the deadline.

Pasive = the project will have been completed by them before the deadline.

(FUTURE PERFECT)

1.       10. Active = The lead guitarist of flashgod apocalypse smashed his guitar in their last concert.

Pasive = the guitar was smashed by the lead guitarist of flashgod apoccalypse in their last concert

(SIMPLE PAST)

adverb

ADVERB

Adverb atau kata keterangan adalah kata yang memberikan penjelasan mengenai tempat, waktu dan cara suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa itu terjadi. Contoh : here, now, softly, loudly, tomorrow, again, twice, never, dll.

Adverb juga didefinisikan sebagai kata yang menjelaskan kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), kata depan (preposition) dan kata lainnya kecuali kata benda (noun) dan kata ganti (pronoun). 

Macam Adverb (Types of Adverb).

a.   Adverb of Time.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : afterwards (kemudian, sesuadah itu, lalu), already (sudah), before (lebih dahulu, sebelum), frequently (seringkali), now (sekarang), today (hari ini), soon (segera), immediately (segera), lately (akhir-akhir ini), yesterday (kemarin), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat

1.    She’ll have dinner at the cafe near her home tomorrow

2.    He got the birthday surprise party yesterday.

3.    I paid a call my friend in the hospital last week.

4.    I’am stydying english now

5.    Athiya arrives from Osaka today.

b.   Adverb of Place.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menunjukkan tempat terjadinya suatu perbuatan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : above (di atas), back (di belakang), below (di bawah), around (sekeliling), here (di sini), somewhere (di suatu tempat), everywhere (dimana-mana), there (di sana), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.    He is watching the football match there.

2.    They built a house ten miles west of Cilegon.

3.    I’m on a flight to Jakarta.

4.    You can find the mineral water everywhere.

5.    Alma works in Bandung for a while.

c.   Adverb of Manner.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang mengungkapkan bagaimana caranya suatu pekerjaan itu dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa itu terjadi. Contoh : carefully (dengan hati-hati), fluently (dengan lancar), hard (dengan keras), fast (dengan cepat), slowly (dengan lambat, secara perlahan-lahan), suddenly (tiba-tiba), together (bersama-sama), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.    The toaster will automatically turn off.

2.    Students have to walk calmly in the school.

3.    He said that he always drives fast.

4.    You will wipe my LCD screen gently, will you?

5.    The rain came suddenly without little warning.

d.   Adverb of Frequency.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan jumlah atau berapa banyaknya suatu pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa itu dilakukan.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.     The worker sometimes feels bored with his work.

2.     Tina seldom washes her shoes by herself.

3.     The rich man is rarely at home.

4.     She never sheds tears in front of other people.

5.     He occasionally climbs a mountain and sleeps in a tent.

referensi: 

http://elkace.wordpress.com/2008/12/05/pembahasan-%E2%80%9Cadverb%E2%80%9D/

ADVERB

Adverb atau kata keterangan adalah kata yang memberikan penjelasan mengenai tempat, waktu dan cara suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa itu terjadi. Contoh : here, now, softly, loudly, tomorrow, again, twice, never, dll.

Adverb juga didefinisikan sebagai kata yang menjelaskan kata kerja (verb), kata sifat (adjective), kata depan (preposition) dan kata lainnya kecuali kata benda (noun) dan kata ganti (pronoun). 

Macam Adverb (Types of Adverb).

a.   Adverb of Time.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan waktu terjadinya suatu pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : afterwards (kemudian, sesuadah itu, lalu), already (sudah), before (lebih dahulu, sebelum), frequently (seringkali), now (sekarang), today (hari ini), soon (segera), immediately (segera), lately (akhir-akhir ini), yesterday (kemarin), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat

1.    She’ll have dinner at the cafe near her home tomorrow

2.    He got the birthday surprise party yesterday.

3.    I paid a call my friend in the hospital last week.

4.    I’am stydying english now

5.    Athiya arrives from Osaka today.

b.   Adverb of Place.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menunjukkan tempat terjadinya suatu perbuatan, tindakan atau peristiwa tersebut. Contoh : above (di atas), back (di belakang), below (di bawah), around (sekeliling), here (di sini), somewhere (di suatu tempat), everywhere (dimana-mana), there (di sana), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.    He is watching the football match there.

2.    They built a house ten miles west of Cilegon.

3.    I’m on a flight to Jakarta.

4.    You can find the mineral water everywhere.

5.    Alma works in Bandung for a while.

c.   Adverb of Manner.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang mengungkapkan bagaimana caranya suatu pekerjaan itu dilakukan atau suatu peristiwa itu terjadi. Contoh : carefully (dengan hati-hati), fluently (dengan lancar), hard (dengan keras), fast (dengan cepat), slowly (dengan lambat, secara perlahan-lahan), suddenly (tiba-tiba), together (bersama-sama), dsb.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.    The toaster will automatically turn off.

2.    Students have to walk calmly in the school.

3.    He said that he always drives fast.

4.    You will wipe my LCD screen gently, will you?

5.    The rain came suddenly without little warning.

d.   Adverb of Frequency.

Merupakan kata keterangan yang menyatakan jumlah atau berapa banyaknya suatu pekerjaan, tindakan atau peristiwa itu dilakukan.

Contoh aplikasi dalam kalimat :

1.     The worker sometimes feels bored with his work.

2.     Tina seldom washes her shoes by herself.

3.     The rich man is rarely at home.

4.     She never sheds tears in front of other people.

5.     He occasionally climbs a mountain and sleeps in a tent.

 

Style in written english

·         Question

o   Sebuah pertanyaan adalah ekspresi linguistik yang digunakan untuk membuat permintaan untuk informasi, atau permintaan dibuat menggunakan ekspresi seperti itu. Informasi yang diminta dapat diberikan dalam bentuk jawaban. Biasanya questions berupa 5w 1h (what, where, when, who, why dan how)

o   Contohnya :    1. What are you doing here?

2. Why do you hate dogs?

3. Who send me a letter?

·         Say/Tell

o   Say digunakan untuk berbicara secara umum tentang sesuatu yang telah dikatakan oleh seseorang. 'Katakanlah' sering digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang orang lain telah mengatakan.

o   Tell berarti bahwa seseorang telah menginstruksikan atau informasi orang lain dari sesuatu. 'Katakan' sering digunakan untuk melaporkan apa yang orang lain telah mengatakan kepada orang tertentu

o   Contohnya :    1. Budi said he had a good time in jakarta.

2. Ram said that he was tired.

3. I don’t want to tell you again to get your homework done.

·         Sequence of tenses

o   seperangkat aturan tata bahasa dari bahasa tertentu, yang mengatur perjanjian antara tenses dari kata kerja dalam klausa atau kalimat terkait. Urutan tertarik dapat diringkas sebagai berikut: Jika kata kerja utama dari suatu kalimat dalam bentuk lampau, maka kata kerja lain juga harus mengekspresikan sudut pandang masa lalu, kecuali bila suatu kebenaran umum diekspresikan

o   contohnya :     1. Batman says that he needs a special key for the Batmobile.

    Menjadi

    Batman has said that he needs a special key for the Batmobile.

2. Someone says, "I need to go to the store."

    Mejadi

    She said that she needed to go to the store.

3. paul said, “Time will tell.”

    Menjadi

    paul said that time would tell.

·         Participles as adjective

o   participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang dapat digunakan sebagai kata sifat untuk
menjelaskan kata benda. Ini digunakan dalam cara yang sedikit berbeda dari kata sifat normal. Kami biasanya menggunakan past participle (berakhiran-ed) untuk berbicara tentang bagaimana perasaan seseorang.

o   Contohnya :

1	The dog frightens the cat	The frightened cat runs away
2	The story amused the children	It was an amusing story.
3	The class bores the students.	What a boring class it is!

·         Transformation of direct dan indirect object

o   Kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung adalah dua metode tertentu mereproduksi dalam menulis kata-kata seseorang. Direct style biasanya kata-kata yang direproduksi persis menggunakan tanda kutip.  Indirect style biasanya kata-kata seseorang dan tindakan perlu diterjemahkan / berubah menjadi gaya tertentu dari orang ketiga narasi.

o   Contohnya:    

1.      He said, “The sun rises in the east” menjadi  He said that the sun rises in the east.

2.      The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before eating” menjadi The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating.

3.      He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow” menjadi He said that they would go to Singapore tomorrow.

 

sumber : http://sabtasdar.blogspot.com/